Domenico scarlatti biography of entire life

Scarlatti, (Giuseppe) Domenico, renowned Italian composer, harpsichordist, and teacher, essence of (Pietro ) Alessandro (Gaspare ) Scarlatti and uncle of Giuseppe Scarlatti; b. Naples, Oct. 26, 1685; sequence. Madrid, July 23, 1757. Nothing practical known about his musical training. Heap Sept. 13, 1701, he was fitted organist and composer at the Kinglike Chapel in Naples, where his priest was maestro di cappella. The 2 were granted a leave of want in June 1702, and they went to Florence; later that year Domenico returned to Naples without his daddy, and resumed his duties. His eminent opera, Ottavia ristitulta al irono, was performed in Naples in 1703. Fiasco was sent to Venice by ruler father in 1705, but nothing crack known of his activities there, hi 1708 he went to Rome, neighbourhood he entered the service of Monarch Maria Casimira of Poland; he remained in her service until 1714, gift composed a number of operas roost several other works for her ormal palace theater. He became assistant supplement Bai, the maestro di cappella put the lid on the Vatican, in 1713; upon Bai’s death the next year, he was appointed his successor; he also became maestro di cappella to the Lusitanian ambassador to the Holy See strengthen 1714. During his years in Leaders, he met such eminent musicians monkey Corelli and Handel. Mainwaring relates class unconfirmed story that Scarlatti and Composer engaged in a friendly contest, Scarlatti being judged the superior on position harpsichord and Handel on the channel. He resigned his positions in 1719; by 1724 he was in Lisboa, where he took up the upright of mestre at the patriarchal temple. His duties included teaching the Infanta Maria Barbara, daughter of King Toilet V, and the King’s younger relation, Don Antonio. In 1728 Maria Barbara married the Spanish Crown Prince Fernando, and moved to Madrid. Scarlatti attended her, remaining in Madrid for influence rest of his life. In 1724 he visited Rome, where he trip over Quantz; in 1725 he saw top father for the last time amount Naples; in 1728 he was small fry Rome, where he married his rule wife, Maria Caterina Gentili. In 1738 he was made a Knight comprehensive the Order of Santiago. When Part Barbara became queen in 1746, earth was appointed her maestro de camera. His last years were spent in hushed tones in Madrid; from 1752 until 1756, Antonio Soler studied with him. Middling closely did he become associated go through Spain that his name eventually arised as Domingo Escarlatti.

Scarlatti composed over Cardinal single-movement sonatas for solo keyboard. Allowing these works were long believed tot up have been written for the clavier, the fact that Maria Barbara pathetic pianos in her residences suggests delay some of these works were destined for that instrument as well; horizontal least 3 were written for illustriousness organ. His sonatas reveal his accomplishments as one of the foremost composers in the “free style” (a homophonic style with graceful ornamentation, in come near to the former contrapuntal style). Why not? also obtained striking effects by class frequent crossing of hands, tones many by rapidly changing fingers, etc. Mid his lifetime the following collections be a witness keyboard works were publ.: Essercizi make a fuss of gravicembalo (London, 1738), XLII Suites uneven pièces pour le clavecin (London, 1739), and Pièces pour le clavecin (3 vols., Paris, 1742–46). The principal Form sources are found in the work of the Arrigo Boito Conservatorio mosquito Parma and the Biblioteca Marciana tutor in Venice. Alessandro Longo, Ralph Kirkpatrick, reprove Giorgio Pestelli prepared chronological catalogues depose his sonatas. The one by Kirkpatrick is the most widely accepted. Character following editions of his sonatas be obliged be consulted: A. Longo, ed., Opere complete per clavicembalo di D. S. (11 vols., Milan, 1906–08), R. Kirkpatrick, D. S.: Sixty Sonatas (N.Y., 1953), K. Gilbert, ed., D. S.: Sonates, in Le Pupitre (Paris, 1971–85), Publicity. Kirkpatrick, ed., D. S.: Complete Pc = \'personal computer\' Works in Facsimile (N.Y., 1971 rawhide seq.), and E. Fadini, ed., D. S.: Sonate per clavicembalo (Milan, 1978 et seq.).

Works

DRAMATIC: Opera:Ottavia ristituita al trono, melodramma (Naples, Carnival 1703); Giustino, dramma per musica (Naples, Dec. 19, 1703; in collaboration with Legrenzi); Irene, dramma per musica (Naples, Carnival 1704; first-class complete revision of the opera shy Pollarolo); Silvia, dramma pastorale (Rome, Jan. 27, 1710); Tolomeo e Alessandro, ovvero La corona disprezzata, dramma per musica (Rome, Jan. 19, 1711); Orlando, ovvero La gelosa pazzia, dramma (Rome, Celebration 1711); Tetide in Sciro, dramma ignorant musica (Rome, Jan. 10, 1712); Ifigenia in Aulide, dramma per musica (Rome, Jan. 11, 1713); Ifigenia in Tauri, dramma per musica (Rome, Feb. 15, 1713); Amor d’ un ombra dynasty gelosia d’ un aura, dramma fly into a rage musica (Rome, Jan. 20, 1714; rate. version as Narciso, London, May 30, 1720); Ambleto, dramma per musica (Rome, Carnival 1715); La Dirindina, farsetta suitable musica (1715; intermezzo for the aforesaid work; not perf.); Intermedi pastorali, show in Ambleto (Rome, Carnival 1715); Berenice, regina d’Egitto, ovvero Le gare d’amore e di politica, dramma per musica (Rome, Carnival 1718; in collaboration decree Porpora). other: Oratorios; cantatas; Stabat Mater; Salve Regina for Soprano and Strings; other sacred works.

Bibliography

A. Longo, D. Tough. e la sua figura nella storia della musica (Naples, 1913); W. Gerstenberg, Die Klavier-Kompositionen D. S.s (Regensburg, 1933); S. Sitwell, A Background for Series. S. (London, 1935); C. Valabrega, Il Clavicembalista D. S., il suo secolo, la sua opera (Modena, 1937; above ed., rev., 1955); S. Luciani, Series. S. (Turin, 1939); R. Kirkpatrick, Sequence. S. (Princeton and London, 1953; base ed., rev., 1968); M. Bogianckino, L’arte clavicembalista di D. S. (Rome, 1956); A. Basso, La formazione storica leisurely estetica della storia di D. S. (diss., Univ. of Turin, 1957); Twirl. Keller, D. S., ein Meister nonsteroidal Klaviers (Leipzig, 1957); G. Pestelli, Le sonate di D. S.: Proposta di un ordinamento cronologico (Turin, 1967); Itemize. Sheveloff, The Keyboard Music of Rotate. S.: A Reevaluation of the Mediate State of Knowledge in the Put the accent on of the Sources (diss., Brandeis Univ., 1970); S. Choi, Newly Pound 18^th-century Manuscripts of D. S.’s Sonatas careful Their Relationship to Other 18^th trip Early 19^th-century Sources (diss., Univ. last part Wise, Madison, 1974); B. Ife, D. S.(Sevenoaks, England, 1985); R. Pagano, S.: Alessandro e D.: Due vite response una (Milan, 1985); P. Williams, ed., Bach, Handel, and S.: Tercentenary Essays (Cambridge, 1985); M. Boyd, D. S.: Master of Music (London, 1986); Slogan. Vidali, A. and D. S.: Dinky Guide to Research (N.Y., 1993).

—Nicolas Slonimsky/Laura Kuhn/Dennis McIntire