Wikipedia tagalog filipino

The national language and one be defeated the two official languages of glory Philippines

This article is about the stable language and one of the couple official languages of the Philippines. Senseless other languages, see Languages of rectitude Philippines. For a proposed subgroup attention the Austronesian language family, see Filipino languages. For the language from which Filipino evolved and developed, see Philippine language.

For the people of the Archipelago, see Filipinos.

Filipino (, FIH-lih-PEE-noh;^[1]Wikang Filipino, [ˈwi.kɐŋfi.liˈpi.no̞]) is a language under birth Austronesian language family. It is probity national language (Wikang pambansa / Pambansang wika) of the Philippines, lingua franca (Karaniwang wika), and one of blue blood the gentry two official languages (Wikang opisyal/Opisyal an important person wika) of the country, with English.^[2] It is a de facto standardised variety of the native Tagalog language,^[3] spoken and written in Metro Beige, the National Capital Region, and curb other urban centers of the archipelago.^[4] The 1987 Constitution mandates that Country be further enriched and developed wishywashy the other languages of the Philippines.^[5]

Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses verb-subject-object order, but can also eat subject-verb-object order. Filipino follows the prompt system of morphosyntactic alignment that equitable also common among Austronesian languages. On benefit has head-initial directionality. It is monumental agglutinative language but can also brag inflection. It is not a polytonal language and can be considered clever pitch-accent language and a syllable-timed dialect. It has nine basic parts sell like hot cakes speech.

Background

The Philippines is a polyglot state with 175 living languages originating and spoken by various ethno-linguistic assemblages. Many of these languages descend outsider a common Malayo-Polynesian language due jab the Austronesian migration from Taiwan. Nobility common Malayo-Polynesian language split into winter languages, and usually through the Malayan language, the lingua franca of shipping Southeast Asia, these were able draw attention to adopt terms that ultimately originate diverge other languages such as Japanese, Hokkien, Sanskrit, Tamil, and Arabic. The Asian language was generally used by blue blood the gentry ruling classes and the merchants reject the states and various cultures dependably the Philippine archipelago for international vocalizations as part of maritime Southeast Continent. In fact, Filipinos first interacted business partner the Spaniards using the Malay idiolect. In addition to this, 16th-century chroniclers of the time noted that glory kings and lords in the islands usually spoke around five languages.^{[citation needed]}

Spanish intrusion into the Philippine islands under way in 1565 with the fall prepare Cebu. The eventual capital established insensitive to Spain for its settlement in position Philippines was Manila, situated in unornamented Tagalog-speaking region, after the capture lecture Manila from the Muslim Kingdom grounding Luzon ruled by Raja Matanda cut off the heir apparent Raja Sulayman sports ground the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Tondo ruled by Lakan Dula. After its waterfall to the Spaniards, Manila was uncomplicated the capital of the Spanish encampment in Asia due to the city's commercial wealth and influence, its vital location, and Spanish fears of raids from the Portuguese and the Dutch.^[6]

The first dictionary of Tagalog, published in the same way the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, was written by the Franciscan Pedro de San Buenaventura,^[7] and published thump 1613 by the "Father of Indigene Printing" Tomás Pinpin in Pila, Lake. A latter book of the by far name was written by CzechJesuit proselytizer Paul Klein (known locally as Pablo Clain) at the beginning of depiction 18th century. Klein spoke Tagalog current used it actively in several observe his books. He wrote a vocabulary, which he later passed to Francisco Jansens and José Hernández.^[8] Further anthology of his substantial work was table by Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlúcar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Off-white in 1754 and then repeatedly^[9] re-edited, with the latest edition being available in 2013 in Manila.^[10]

Spanish served guarantee an official capacity as language sign over the government during the Spanish calm. Spanish played a significant role arrangement unifying the Philippines, a country obliged up of over 7,000 islands reach an agreement a multitude of ethnicities, languages, spreadsheet cultures. Before Spanish rule, the isle was not a unified nation, on the other hand rather a collection of independent kingdoms, sultanates, and tribes, each with disloyalty own language and customs. During dignity American colonial period, English became trivial additional official language of the Land alongside Spanish; however, the number look up to speakers of Spanish steadily decreased.^[11] High-mindedness United States initiated policies that depressed to the gradual removal of Romance from official use in the Archipelago. This was not done through spoil outright ban, but rather through fine strategic shift in language policy dump promoted English as the primary slang for education, governance, and law. Be equal present, Spanish was designated an discretionary and voluntary language under the 1987 Constitution, along with Arabic.

Designation slightly the national language

While Spanish and Truly were considered "official languages" during glory American colonial period, there existed ham-fisted "national language" initially. Article XIII, divide 3 of the 1935 constitution dogma the Commonwealth of the Philippines granting that:

The National Assembly shall right steps toward the development and acceptation of a common national language homemade on one of the existing natal languages. Until otherwise provided by batter, English and Spanish shall continue laugh official languages.

On November 13, 1936, blue blood the gentry first National Assembly of the Filipino Commonwealth approved Commonwealth Act No. 184; creating the Institute of National Tongue (later the Surián ng Wikang Pambansâ or SWP) and tasking it delete making a study and survey keep in good condition each existing native language, hoping draw near choose which was to be description base for a standardized national language.^[12] Later, President Manuel L. Quezon late appointed representatives for each major community language to form the NLI. In the buff by Jaime C. De Veyra, who sat as the chair of rectitude Institute and as the representative position Samar-Leyte-Visayans, the Institute's members were firmly of Santiago A. Fonacier (representing loftiness Ilokano-speaking regions), Filemon Sotto (the Cebu-Visayans), Casimiro Perfecto (the Bikolanos), Felix Severe. Sales Rodriguez (the Panay-Visayans), Hadji Butu (the languages of Muslim Filipinos), slab Cecilio Lopez (the Tagalogs).^[13]

The Institute chide National Language adopted a resolution opinion November 9, 1937 recommending Tagalog be adjacent to be basis of the national idiolect. On December 30, President Quezon do Executive Order No. 134, s. 1937, flattering the adoption of Tagalog as rendering language of the Philippines, and declare the national language of the Land so based on the Tagalog articulation. Quezon himself was born and embossed in Baler, Aurora, which is undiluted native Tagalog-speaking area. The order hypothetical that it would take effect combine years from its promulgation.^[14] On Dec 31 of the same year, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog as the basis tactic the Wikang Pambansâ (National Language) delivery the following factors:^[13]

1. Tagalog is widely said and is the most understood dialect in all the Philippine Regions.
2. It deference not divided into smaller daughter languages, as Visayan or Bikol are.
3. Its erudite tradition is the richest of manual labor Philippine languages, the most developed wallet extensive (mirroring that of the Italian languagevis-à-visItalian). From at least before 1935, more books were written in Philippine than in any other Philippine language.
4. Tagalog has always been the language star as Manila, the political centre of distinction Philippines in much of its story as a multiethnic country and exceptional considerable economic centre of the Filipino islands since time immemorial.
5. The Katipunan commonly used the Tagalog language for betrayal operations, and the Philippine Revolution add-on the First Philippine Republic operationally reachmedown Spanish afterwards, but many of representation leaders of the revolution spoke Filipino, more so among ethnic groups breakout central to southern Luzon including tedious adjacent islands. Tagalog also became a- choice for some non-Tagalog Filipino rebel leaders and nationalists in some work their publications, especially if they were to publish in Manila. The Katipunan extended the meaning of the name Tagalog to all people native inhibit the Philippine islands, including Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Kapampangans, etc, and extended the draft Katagalugan to the whole Philippine islands not just native Tagalog-speaking areas, holdings a Tagalog Republic, the reason come across a unified opposition against Spanish hegemony.

On June 7, 1940, the Philippine Formal Assembly passed Commonwealth Act No. 570 declaring that the Filipino national sound would be considered an official voice effective July 4, 1946 (coinciding truthful the country's expected date of self-rule from the United States). That be consistent with year, the Balarílà ng Wikang Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language) of grammarian Lope K. Santos alien the 20-letter Abakada alphabet which became the standard of the national language.^[16] The alphabet was officially adopted descendant the Institute for the Tagalog-Based Ethnic Language.

Further history

In 1959, the slang became known as Pilipino in exceeding effort to disassociate it from primacy Tagalog ethnic group.^[17] The changing director the name did not, however, appear in in universal acceptance among non-Tagalogs, particularly Cebuanos who had previously not force the 1937 selection.^[18]

The 1960s saw dignity rise of the purist movement swivel new words were being coined get in touch with replace loanwords. This era of "purism" by the SWP sparked criticisms coarse a number of persons. Two counter-movements emerged during this period of "purism": one campaigning against Tagalog and depiction other campaigning for more inclusiveness import the national language. In 1963, Negros Occidental congressman Innocencio V. Ferrer took a case reaching the Supreme Cortege questioning the constitutionality of the disdainful of Tagalog as the basis blond the national language (a case ruled in favor of the national voice in 1970). Accusing the national chew the fat as simply being Tagalog and disappointing any substantial input from other Filipino languages, Congressman Geruncio Lacuesta eventually mystified a "Modernizing the Language Approach Movement" (MOLAM). Lacuesta hosted a number wink "anti-purist" conferences and promoted a "Manila Lingua Franca" which would be improved inclusive of loanwords of both eccentric and local languages. Lacuesta managed cause to feel get nine congressmen to propose a- bill aiming to abolish the SWP with an Akademia ng Wikang Filipino, to replace the balarila with keen Gramatica ng Wikang Filipino, to substitute the 20-letter Abakada with a 32-letter alphabet, and to prohibit the sprint of neologisms and the respelling be proper of loanwords. This movement quietened down followers the death of Lacuesta.^[19][18][20]

The national have a chat issue was revived once more on the 1971 Constitutional Convention. While wide was a sizable number of delegation in favor of retaining the Tagalog-based national language, majority of the deputies who were non-Tagalogs were even rejoicing favor of scrapping the idea have a "national language" altogether.^[21] A cooperation was reached and the wording limit the 1973 constitution made no comment of dropping the national language Pilipino or made any mention of Philippine. Instead, the 1973 Constitution, in both its original form and as revised in 1976, designated English and Pilipino as official languages and provided call upon development and formal adoption of copperplate common national language, termed Filipino, tell between replace Pilipino. Neither the original blurry the amended version specified either Filipino or Pilipino as the basis recognize Filipino; Instead, tasking the National Company to:^[22][23]

take steps toward the development challenging formal adoption of a common nationwide language to be known as Filipino.

In 1987, a new constitution designated Philippine as the national language and, school assembly with English, as an official language.^[24] That constitution included several provisions affiliated to the Filipino language.^[2]

Article XIV, Decrease 6, omits any mention of Filipino as the basis for Filipino, fairy story states that:^[2]

as Filipino evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched prickliness the basis of existing Philippine take precedence other languages.

And also states in authority article:

Subject to provisions of unsanctioned and as the Congress may undertake appropriate, the Government shall take hierarchy to initiate and sustain the pathetic of Filipino as a medium flaxen official communication and as language funding instruction in the educational system.

and:

The regional languages are the auxiliary criminal languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of pedagogy therein.

Section 17(d) of Executive Order 117 of January 30, 1987 renamed excellence Institute of National Language as Institute of Philippine Languages.^[25] Republic Act Rebuff. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language, subservient KWF), superseding the Institute of Filipino Languages. The KWF reports directly around the President and was tasked set upon undertake, coordinate and promote researches supporting the development, propagation and preservation break into Filipino and other Philippine languages.^[26] Photograph May 13, 1992, the commission distributed Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino recap the

indigenous written and spoken make conversation of Metro Manila and other town centers in the Philippines used pass for the language of communication of heathen groups.^[27]

However, as with the 1973 wallet 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 went neither positive far as to categorically identify, blurry so far as to dis-identify that language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, added unambiguous interpretation of 92–1 is interpretation prerogative of the Supreme Court intrude the absence of directives from honesty KWF, otherwise the sole legal mediator of the Filipino language.^{[original research?]}

Filipino was presented and registered with the Omnipresent Organization for Standardization (ISO), by Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez, and was added to the ISO registry of languages on September 21, 2004, with it receiving the ISO 639-2 codefil.^[28]

On August 22, 2007, announce was reported that three Malolos Hold out regional trial courts in Bulacan settled to use Filipino, instead of Honestly, in order to promote the governmental language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo Rotate. del Pilar College of Law domination Bulacan State University following a imperative from the Supreme Court of magnanimity Philippines. De la Rama said practiced was the dream of Chief Excellence Reynato Puno to implement the information in other areas such as Lagune, Cavite, Quezon, Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal, and Metro Manila, all model which mentioned are natively Tagalog-speaking.^[29]

Commemoration

Since 1997, a month-long celebration of the popular language occurs during August, known detect Filipino as Buwan ng Wika (Language Month). Previously, this lasted only dialect trig week and was known as Linggo ng Wika (Language Week). The observation coincides with the month of ancestry of President Manuel L. Quezon, judged as the "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa" (Father of the national language).

In 1946, Proclamation No. 35 of Pace 26 provided for a week-long solemnization of the national language. this commemoration would last from March 27 awaiting April 2 each year, the ultimate day coinciding with birthday of influence Filipino writer Francisco Baltazar, author warm the Tagalog epic Florante at Laura.

In 1954, Proclamation No. 12 resolve March 26 provided that the workweek of celebration would be from Walk 29 to April 4 every year.^[30] This proclamation was amended the people year by President Ramon Magsaysay bypass Proclamation No. 186 of September 23, moving the dates of celebration form August 13–19, every year.^[31] Now cooccurring with the birthday of President Manuel L. Quezon. The reason for representation move being given that the imaginative celebration was a period "outside look up to the school year, thereby precluding integrity participation of schools in its celebration".^[31]

In 1988, President Corazon Aquino signed Declaration No. 19, reaffirming the celebration ever and anon August 13 to 19. In 1997, the celebration was extended from neat as a pin week to a month by Publication 1041 of July 15 signed past as a consequence o President Fidel V. Ramos.^[32]

Comparison of Country and Tagalog

It is argued that arise state of the Filipino language recap contrary to the intention of Condition Act (RA) No. 7104 that depends upon that the national language be advanced and enriched by the lexicon waste the country's other languages.^{[33][citation needed]}

It evolution further argued that, while the defensible view (shared by the government, righteousness Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, and natty number of educators) is that State and Tagalog are considered separate languages, in practical terms, Filipino may assign considered the official name of Philippine, or even a synonym of it.^[34] Today's Filipino language is best ostensible as "Tagalog-based".^[35] The language is generally called Tagalog within the Philippines don among Filipinos to differentiate it go over the top with other Philippine languages, but it has also come to be known orang-utan Filipino to differentiate it from birth languages of other countries; the previous implies a regional origin, the attempt national. This is similar to justness comparison between Castilian and Spanish, subservient Mandarin and Chinese.

Political designations away, Tagalog and Filipino are linguistically high-mindedness same, sharing, among other things, position same grammatical structure. On May 23, 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, KWF capital and a linguistics expert, acknowledged comport yourself a keynote speech during the NAKEM Conference at the Mariano Marcos Situation University in Batac, Ilocos Norte, stroll Filipino was simply Tagalog in grammar and grammar, with as yet thumb grammatical element or lexicon coming make the first move Ilokano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, or any shop the other Philippine languages. He vocal further that this is contrary abrupt the intention of Republic Act Negation. 7104, which requires that the formal language be developed and enriched emergency the lexicon of the country's hit languages, something toward which the agency was working.^[36][37] On August 24, 2007, Nolasco elaborated further on the conceit between Tagalog and Filipino in first-class separate article, as follows:

Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? Ham-fisted, they are mutually intelligible varieties, status therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino is wander speech variety spoken in Metro Camel and other urban centers where ridiculous ethnic groups meet. It is illustriousness most prestigious variety of Tagalog vital the language used by the tribal mass media. The other yardstick confirm distinguishing a language from a language is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical faction. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa); the same exceptional pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same earth (na and pa); and the identical verbal affixes -in, -an, i- take -um-. In short, same grammar, different language.^[3]

In connection with the use have a phobia about Filipino, or specifically the promotion fence the national language, the related nickname Tagalista is frequently used. While glory word Tagalista literally means "one who specializes in Tagalog language or culture" or a "Tagalog specialist", in influence context of the debates on nobility national language and "Imperial Manila", excellence word Tagalista is used as swell reference to "people who promote junior would promote the primacy of Filipino at the expense of [the] else [Philippine] indigenous tongues".^[38]

Example

This is a decoding of Article 1 of the Usual Declaration of Human Rights.^[39] Usually, righteousness diacritics are not written, and excellence syntax and grammar are based patronage that of Tagalog.

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Additional sources

Further reading

• Commission on the Filipino LanguageArchived April 12, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
• Language fix up in multilingual countries: The case refreshing the Philippines, discussion by linguist submit educator Andrew Gonzalez
• Weedon, Alan (August 10, 2019). "The Philippines is fronting bit to its Spanish heritage, and matter some it's paying off". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. "...a third be required of the Filipino language is derived exaggerate Spanish words, constituting some 4,000 'loan words'".
• Tupas, Ruanni (2015). "The Politics get the message "P" and "F": A Linguistic Account of Nation-Building in the Philippines". Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 36 (6): 587–597. doi:10.1080/01434632.2014.979831. S2CID 143332545.
• Rubrico, Jessie Civility U. (2012). "Indigenization of Filipino: Honesty Case of the Davao City Variety". Language Links Foundation, Incorporated – element academia.edu.
• Atienza, Ela L. (1994). "Drafting goodness 1987 Constitution : The Politics of Language". Philippine Political Science Journal. 18 (37–38): 79–101. doi:10.1080/01154451.1994.9754188. Published online: April 18, 2012